Note: At present, this section is just taken from PostgreSQL documentation and is subject to revision for Postgres-XC.
Table C-1 lists all tokens that are key words in the SQL standard and in PostgreSQL 1.0.3. Background information can be found in Section 4.1.1.
SQL distinguishes between reserved and non-reserved key words. According to the standard, reserved key words are the only real key words; they are never allowed as identifiers. Non-reserved key words only have a special meaning in particular contexts and can be used as identifiers in other contexts. Most non-reserved key words are actually the names of built-in tables and functions specified by SQL. The concept of non-reserved key words essentially only exists to declare that some predefined meaning is attached to a word in some contexts.
In the PostgreSQL parser life is a bit more complicated. There are several different classes of tokens ranging from those that can never be used as an identifier to those that have absolutely no special status in the parser as compared to an ordinary identifier. (The latter is usually the case for functions specified by SQL.) Even reserved key words are not completely reserved in PostgreSQL, but can be used as column labels (for example, SELECT 55 AS CHECK, even though CHECK is a reserved key word).
In Table C-1 in the column for PostgreSQL we classify as "non-reserved" those key words that are explicitly known to the parser but are allowed as column or table names. Some key words that are otherwise non-reserved cannot be used as function or data type names and are marked accordingly. (Most of these words represent built-in functions or data types with special syntax. The function or type is still available but it cannot be redefined by the user.) Labeled "reserved" are those tokens that are not allowed as column or table names. Some reserved key words are allowable as names for functions or data types; this is also shown in the table. If not so marked, a reserved key word is only allowed as an "AS" column label name.
As a general rule, if you get spurious parser errors for commands that contain any of the listed key words as an identifier you should try to quote the identifier to see if the problem goes away.
It is important to understand before studying Table C-1 that the fact that a key word is not reserved in PostgreSQL does not mean that the feature related to the word is not implemented. Conversely, the presence of a key word does not indicate the existence of a feature.
Table C-1. SQL Key Words
Key Word | PostgreSQL | SQL:2008 | SQL:2003 | SQL:1999 | SQL-92 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
ABORT | non-reserved | ||||
ABS | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
ABSENT | non-reserved | ||||
ABSOLUTE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ACCESS | non-reserved | ||||
ACCORDING | non-reserved | ||||
ACTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ADA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
ADD | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ADMIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
AFTER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
AGGREGATE | non-reserved | reserved | |||
ALIAS | reserved | ||||
ALL | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ALLOCATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
ALSO | non-reserved | ||||
ALTER | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ALWAYS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
ANALYSE | reserved | ||||
ANALYZE | reserved | ||||
AND | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ANY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ARE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
ARRAY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
ARRAY_AGG | reserved | ||||
AS | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ASC | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ASENSITIVE | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
ASSERTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ASSIGNMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
ASYMMETRIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
AT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ATOMIC | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
ATTRIBUTE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
ATTRIBUTES | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
AUTHORIZATION | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
AVG | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
BACKWARD | non-reserved | ||||
BARRIER | non-reserved (XC only) | ||||
BASE64 | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
BEFORE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
BEGIN | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
BERNOULLI | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
BETWEEN | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
BIGINT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
BINARY | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
BIT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
BITVAR | non-reserved | ||||
BIT_LENGTH | non-reserved | reserved | |||
BLOB | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
BLOCKED | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
BOM | non-reserved | ||||
BOOLEAN | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
BOTH | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
BREADTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
BY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
C | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CACHE | non-reserved | ||||
CALL | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
CALLED | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
CARDINALITY | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
CASCADE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CASCADED | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CASE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CAST | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CATALOG_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CEIL | reserved | reserved | |||
CEILING | reserved | reserved | |||
CHAIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CHAR | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CHARACTER | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CHARACTERISTICS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
CHARACTERS | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
CHARACTER_LENGTH | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CHARACTER_SET_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CHAR_LENGTH | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
CHECK | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CHECKED | non-reserved | ||||
CHECKPOINT | non-reserved | ||||
CLASS | non-reserved | reserved | |||
CLASS_ORIGIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CLEAN | non-reserved (XC only) | ||||
CLOB | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
CLOSE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CLUSTER | non-reserved | ||||
COALESCE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
COBOL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
COLLATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
COLLATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
COLLATION_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
COLLATION_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
COLLATION_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
COLLECT | reserved | reserved | |||
COLUMN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
COLUMNS | non-reserved | ||||
COLUMN_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
COMMAND_FUNCTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
COMMENT | non-reserved | ||||
COMMENTS | non-reserved | ||||
COMMIT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
COMMITTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
COMPLETION | reserved | ||||
CONCURRENTLY | reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
CONDITION | reserved | reserved | |||
CONDITION_NUMBER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CONFIGURATION | non-reserved | ||||
CONNECT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
CONNECTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CONNECTION_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CONSTRAINT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CONSTRAINTS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CONSTRAINT_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CONSTRUCTOR | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
CONTAINS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
CONTENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
CONTINUE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
CONTROL | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
CONVERSION | non-reserved | ||||
CONVERT | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
COPY | non-reserved | ||||
CORR | reserved | reserved | |||
CORRESPONDING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
COST | non-reserved | ||||
COUNT | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
COVAR_POP | reserved | reserved | |||
COVAR_SAMP | reserved | reserved | |||
CREATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CROSS | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CSV | non-reserved | ||||
CUBE | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
CUME_DIST | reserved | reserved | |||
CURRENT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_CATALOG | reserved | reserved | |||
CURRENT_DATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP | reserved | reserved | |||
CURRENT_PATH | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
CURRENT_ROLE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
CURRENT_SCHEMA | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | |||
CURRENT_TIME | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE | reserved | reserved | |||
CURRENT_USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURSOR | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
CURSOR_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
CYCLE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
DATA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | non-reserved |
DATABASE | non-reserved | ||||
DATALINK | reserved | reserved | |||
DATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
DAY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DB | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
DEALLOCATE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DEC | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DECIMAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DECLARE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DEFAULT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DEFAULTS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
DEFERRABLE | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
DEFERRED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
DEFINED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
DEFINER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
DEGREE | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
DELETE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DELIMITER | non-reserved | ||||
DELIMITERS | non-reserved | ||||
DENSE_RANK | reserved | reserved | |||
DEPTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
DEREF | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
DERIVED | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
DESC | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
DESCRIBE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
DESCRIPTOR | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
DESTROY | reserved | ||||
DESTRUCTOR | reserved | ||||
DETERMINISTIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
DIAGNOSTICS | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
DICTIONARY | non-reserved | reserved | |||
DISABLE | non-reserved | ||||
DISCARD | non-reserved | ||||
DISCONNECT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
DISPATCH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
DISTINCT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DISTRIBUTE | non-reserved (XC only) | ||||
DLNEWCOPY | reserved | reserved | |||
DLPREVIOUSCOPY | reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLCOMPLETE | reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLCOMPLETEONLY | reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE | reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLPATH | reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLPATHONLY | reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLPATHWRITE | reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLSCHEME | reserved | reserved | |||
DLURLSERVER | reserved | reserved | |||
DLVALUE | reserved | reserved | |||
DO | reserved | ||||
DOCUMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
DOMAIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
DOUBLE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DROP | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
DYNAMIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
EACH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
ELEMENT | reserved | reserved | |||
ELSE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
EMPTY | non-reserved | ||||
ENABLE | non-reserved | ||||
ENCODING | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
ENCRYPTED | non-reserved | ||||
END | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
END-EXEC | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
ENUM | non-reserved | ||||
EQUALS | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
ESCAPE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
EVERY | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
EXCEPT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
EXCEPTION | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
EXCLUDE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
EXCLUDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
EXCLUSIVE | non-reserved | ||||
EXEC | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
EXECUTE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
EXISTING | non-reserved | ||||
EXISTS | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
EXP | reserved | reserved | |||
EXPLAIN | non-reserved | ||||
EXTENSION | non-reserved | ||||
EXTERNAL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
EXTRACT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
FALSE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FAMILY | non-reserved | ||||
FETCH | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FILE | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
FILTER | reserved | reserved | |||
FINAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
FIRST | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
FIRST_VALUE | reserved | ||||
FLAG | non-reserved | ||||
FLOAT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FLOOR | reserved | reserved | |||
FOLLOWING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
FOR | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FORCE | non-reserved | ||||
FOREIGN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FORTRAN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
FORWARD | non-reserved | ||||
FOUND | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
FREE | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
FREEZE | reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
FROM | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FS | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
FULL | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
FUNCTION | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
FUNCTIONS | non-reserved | ||||
FUSION | reserved | reserved | |||
G | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
GENERAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
GENERATED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
GET | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
GLOBAL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
GO | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
GOTO | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
GRANT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
GRANTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
GREATEST | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | ||||
GROUP | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
GROUPING | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
HANDLER | non-reserved | ||||
HASH | non-reserved (XC only) | ||||
HAVING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
HEADER | non-reserved | ||||
HEX | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
HIERARCHY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
HOLD | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
HOST | reserved | ||||
HOUR | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ID | non-reserved | ||||
IDENTITY | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
IF | non-reserved | ||||
IGNORE | non-reserved | reserved | |||
ILIKE | reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
IMMEDIATE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
IMMUTABLE | non-reserved | ||||
IMPLEMENTATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
IMPLICIT | non-reserved | ||||
IMPORT | reserved | reserved | |||
IN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INCLUDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
INCREMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
INDENT | non-reserved | ||||
INDEX | non-reserved | ||||
INDEXES | non-reserved | ||||
INDICATOR | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
INFIX | non-reserved | ||||
INHERIT | non-reserved | ||||
INHERITS | non-reserved | ||||
INITIALIZE | reserved | ||||
INITIALLY | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
INLINE | non-reserved | ||||
INNER | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INOUT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
INPUT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
INSENSITIVE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
INSERT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INSTANCE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
INSTANTIABLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
INSTEAD | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
INT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INTEGER | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INTEGRITY | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
INTERSECT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INTERSECTION | reserved | reserved | |||
INTERVAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INTO | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
INVOKER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
IS | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ISNULL | reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
ISOLATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
ITERATE | reserved | ||||
JOIN | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
K | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
KEY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
KEY_MEMBER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
KEY_TYPE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
LABEL | non-reserved | ||||
LAG | reserved | ||||
LANGUAGE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LARGE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
LAST | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
LAST_VALUE | reserved | ||||
LATERAL | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
LC_COLLATE | non-reserved | ||||
LC_CTYPE | non-reserved | ||||
LEAD | reserved | ||||
LEADING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LEAST | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | ||||
LEFT | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
LESS | reserved | ||||
LEVEL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
LIBRARY | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
LIKE | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LIKE_REGEX | reserved | ||||
LIMIT | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
LINK | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
LISTEN | non-reserved | ||||
LN | reserved | reserved | |||
LOAD | non-reserved | ||||
LOCAL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
LOCALTIME | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
LOCALTIMESTAMP | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
LOCATION | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
LOCATOR | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
LOCK | non-reserved | ||||
LOWER | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
M | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
MAP | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
MAPPING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
MATCH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
MATCHED | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
MAX | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
MAXVALUE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
MAX_CARDINALITY | reserved | ||||
MEMBER | reserved | reserved | |||
MERGE | reserved | reserved | |||
MESSAGE_LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
MESSAGE_TEXT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
METHOD | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
MIN | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
MINUTE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
MINVALUE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
MOD | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
MODE | non-reserved | ||||
MODIFIES | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
MODIFY | reserved | ||||
MODULE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
MODULO | non-reserved (XC only) | ||||
MONTH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
MORE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
MOVE | non-reserved | ||||
MULTISET | reserved | reserved | |||
MUMPS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
NAMES | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
NAMESPACE | non-reserved | ||||
NATIONAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
NATURAL | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
NCHAR | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
NCLOB | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
NESTING | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
NEW | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
NEXT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
NFC | non-reserved | ||||
NFD | non-reserved | ||||
NFKC | non-reserved | ||||
NFKD | non-reserved | ||||
NIL | non-reserved | ||||
NO | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
NONE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
NORMALIZE | reserved | reserved | |||
NORMALIZED | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
NOT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
NOTHING | non-reserved | ||||
NOTIFY | non-reserved | ||||
NOTNULL | reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
NOWAIT | non-reserved | ||||
NTH_VALUE | reserved | ||||
NTILE | reserved | ||||
NULL | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
NULLABLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
NULLIF | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
NULLS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
NUMBER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
NUMERIC | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
OBJECT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
OCCURRENCES_REGEX | reserved | ||||
OCTETS | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
OCTET_LENGTH | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
OF | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
OFF | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
OFFSET | reserved | reserved | |||
OIDS | non-reserved | ||||
OLD | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
ON | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ONLY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
OPEN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
OPERATION | reserved | ||||
OPERATOR | non-reserved | ||||
OPTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
OPTIONS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
OR | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ORDER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ORDERING | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
ORDINALITY | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
OTHERS | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
OUT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
OUTER | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
OUTPUT | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
OVER | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
OVERLAPS | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
OVERLAY | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
OVERRIDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
OWNED | non-reserved | ||||
OWNER | non-reserved | ||||
P | non-reserved | ||||
PAD | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
PARAMETER | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
PARAMETERS | reserved | ||||
PARAMETER_MODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PARAMETER_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PARSER | non-reserved | ||||
PARTIAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
PARTITION | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
PASCAL | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
PASSING | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
PASSTHROUGH | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
PASSWORD | non-reserved | ||||
PATH | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
PERCENTILE_CONT | reserved | reserved | |||
PERCENTILE_DISC | reserved | reserved | |||
PERCENT_RANK | reserved | reserved | |||
PERMISSION | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
PLACING | reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PLANS | non-reserved | ||||
PLI | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
POSITION | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
POSITION_REGEX | reserved | ||||
POSTFIX | reserved | ||||
POWER | reserved | reserved | |||
PRECEDING | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
PRECISION | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
PREFIX | reserved | ||||
PREORDER | reserved | ||||
PREPARE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
PREPARED | non-reserved | ||||
PRESERVE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
PRIMARY | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
PRIOR | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
PRIVILEGES | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
PROCEDURAL | non-reserved | ||||
PROCEDURE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
PUBLIC | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
QUOTE | non-reserved | ||||
RANGE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
RANK | reserved | reserved | |||
READ | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
READS | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
REAL | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
REASSIGN | non-reserved | ||||
RECHECK | non-reserved | ||||
RECOVERY | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
RECURSIVE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
REF | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
REFERENCES | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
REFERENCING | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
REGR_AVGX | reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_AVGY | reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_COUNT | reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_INTERCEPT | reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_R2 | reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_SLOPE | reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_SXX | reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_SXY | reserved | reserved | |||
REGR_SYY | reserved | reserved | |||
REINDEX | non-reserved | ||||
RELATIVE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
RELEASE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
RENAME | non-reserved | ||||
REPEATABLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
REPLACE | non-reserved | ||||
REPLICA | non-reserved | ||||
REPLICATION | non-reserved (XC only) | ||||
REQUIRING | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
RESET | non-reserved | ||||
RESPECT | non-reserved | ||||
RESTART | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
RESTORE | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
RESTRICT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
RESULT | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
RETURN | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
RETURNED_CARDINALITY | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
RETURNED_LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
RETURNED_SQLSTATE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
RETURNING | reserved | non-reserved | |||
RETURNS | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
REVOKE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
RIGHT | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ROBIN | non-reserved (XC only) | ||||
ROLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
ROLLBACK | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ROLLUP | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
ROUNG | non-reserved (XC only) | ||||
ROUTINE | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
ROUTINE_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
ROUTINE_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
ROUTINE_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
ROW | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
ROWS | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
ROW_COUNT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
ROW_NUMBER | reserved | reserved | |||
RULE | non-reserved | ||||
SAVEPOINT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SCALE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
SCHEMA_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
SCOPE | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
SCOPE_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
SCOPE_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
SCOPE_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
SCROLL | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SEARCH | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SECOND | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SECTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SECURITY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
SELECT | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SELECTIVE | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
SELF | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
SENSITIVE | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | ||
SEQUENCE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
SEQUENCES | non-reserved | ||||
SERIALIZABLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
SERVER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
SERVER_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
SESSION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
SESSION_USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SET | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SETOF | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | ||||
SETS | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
SHARE | non-reserved | ||||
SHOW | non-reserved | ||||
SIMILAR | reserved (can be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
SIMPLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
SIZE | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SMALLINT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SOME | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
SOURCE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
SPACE | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SPECIFIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
SPECIFICTYPE | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
SPECIFIC_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
SQL | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SQLCODE | reserved | ||||
SQLERROR | reserved | ||||
SQLEXCEPTION | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
SQLSTATE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
SQLWARNING | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
SQRT | reserved | reserved | |||
STABLE | non-reserved | ||||
STANDALONE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
START | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
STATE | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
STATEMENT | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
STATIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
STATISTICS | non-reserved | ||||
STDDEV_POP | reserved | reserved | |||
STDDEV_SAMP | reserved | reserved | |||
STDIN | non-reserved | ||||
STDOUT | non-reserved | ||||
STORAGE | non-reserved | ||||
STRICT | non-reserved | ||||
STRIP | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
STRUCTURE | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
STYLE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
SUBLIST | non-reserved | ||||
SUBMULTISET | reserved | reserved | |||
SUBSTRING | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
SUBSTRING_REGEX | reserved | ||||
SUM | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
SYMMETRIC | reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
SYSID | non-reserved | ||||
SYSTEM | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | |
SYSTEM_USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
T | non-reserved | ||||
TABLE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TABLES | non-reserved | ||||
TABLESAMPLE | reserved | reserved | |||
TABLESPACE | non-reserved | ||||
TABLE_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
TEMP | non-reserved | ||||
TEMPLATE | non-reserved | ||||
TEMPORARY | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
TERMINATE | reserved | ||||
TEXT | non-reserved | ||||
THAN | reserved | ||||
THEN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TIES | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
TIME | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TIMESTAMP | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TIMEZONE_HOUR | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
TIMEZONE_MINUTE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
TO | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TOKEN | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
TOP_LEVEL_COUNT | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
TRAILING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TRANSACTION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRANSACTION_ACTIVE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRANSFORM | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRANSFORMS | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRANSLATE | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
TRANSLATE_REGEX | reserved | ||||
TRANSLATION | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
TREAT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
TRIGGER | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
TRIGGER_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRIGGER_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRIGGER_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
TRIM | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved |
TRIM_ARRAY | reserved | ||||
TRUE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
TRUNCATE | non-reserved | reserved | |||
TRUSTED | non-reserved | ||||
TYPE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
UESCAPE | reserved | reserved | |||
UNBOUNDED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
UNCOMMITTED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved |
UNDER | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | ||
UNENCRYPTED | non-reserved | ||||
UNION | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
UNIQUE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
UNKNOWN | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
UNLINK | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
UNLISTEN | non-reserved | ||||
UNLOGGED | non-reserved | ||||
UNNAMED | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | |
UNNEST | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
UNTIL | non-reserved | ||||
UNTYPED | non-reserved | ||||
UPDATE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
UPPER | reserved | reserved | non-reserved | reserved | |
URI | non-reserved | ||||
USAGE | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | |
USER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CODE | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
USING | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
VACUUM | non-reserved | ||||
VALID | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
VALIDATE | non-reserved | ||||
VALIDATOR | non-reserved | ||||
VALUE | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
VALUES | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
VARBINARY | reserved | ||||
VARCHAR | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
VARIABLE | reserved | ||||
VARIADIC | reserved | ||||
VARYING | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
VAR_POP | reserved | reserved | |||
VAR_SAMP | reserved | reserved | |||
VERBOSE | reserved (can be function or type) | ||||
VERSION | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
VIEW | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
VOLATILE | non-reserved | ||||
WHEN | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
WHENEVER | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
WHERE | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
WHITESPACE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
WIDTH_BUCKET | reserved | reserved | |||
WINDOW | reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
WITH | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
WITHIN | reserved | reserved | |||
WITHOUT | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | |
WORK | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
WRAPPER | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | ||
WRITE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |
XML | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLAGG | reserved | reserved | |||
XMLATTRIBUTES | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLBINARY | reserved | reserved | |||
XMLCAST | reserved | ||||
XMLCOMMENT | reserved | reserved | |||
XMLCONCAT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLDECLARATION | non-reserved | ||||
XMLDOCUMENT | reserved | ||||
XMLELEMENT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLEXISTS | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | |||
XMLFOREST | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLITERATE | reserved | ||||
XMLNAMESPACES | reserved | reserved | |||
XMLPARSE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLPI | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLQUERY | reserved | ||||
XMLROOT | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | |||
XMLSCHEMA | non-reserved | ||||
XMLSERIALIZE | non-reserved (cannot be function or type) | reserved | reserved | ||
XMLTABLE | reserved | ||||
XMLTEXT | reserved | ||||
XMLVALIDATE | reserved | ||||
YEAR | non-reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
YES | non-reserved | non-reserved | |||
ZONE | non-reserved | non-reserved | non-reserved | reserved | reserved |